2 posts tagged with "machine learning"

Computer vision is transforming healthcare by enabling advanced imaging analysis to aid in diagnosis, treatment, and patient care.

Half of the world's population does not have access to quality healthcare, and many people are driven into poverty. Over \$140 billion annually would be invested to achieve health-related sustainable development goals. There is a significant financing space for health IT, digital IT, and AI to help close the healthcare gap in developing countries.

As much as \$2 billion was invested in 2018 by health startups and IT businesses specifically to use AI technology. These funds account for a significant chunk of the total capital allocated to artificial intelligence projects.

This series focuses on how computer vision and deep learning are being used in industrial and business environments on a grand scale. This article will discuss the benefits, applications, and challenges of using deep learning methods in healthcare.

Benefits of Computer Vision and Machine Learning for Healthcare Innovation#

Unlocking Data for Health Research#

Plenty of new data is becoming readily available in the healthcare industry. This opens up vast opportunities for study and improvement. Mining and properly analyzing this data may improve clinical outcomes, earlier illness identification, and fewer preventable missteps.

However, getting enough high-quality, well-structured data is complex, especially in developing countries. Businesses use analytics and data cleansing methods to increase data interoperability. Also, this helps them to pave the way for valuable predictions that improve medical outcomes and decrease related issues.

Besides organizing data for analysis, using ML in large data settings can better connect patients. However, a business can accelerate the development of new drugs and pinpoint the most successful treatments in the life sciences.

Healthcare Efficiency#

SaaS businesses automate numerous activities. This includes arranging follow-up appointments and using patient data like consultation notes, diagnostic images, prescription prescriptions, and public information. This software-as-a-service (SaaS) offerings are revolutionizing developing countries by addressing problems like a need for qualified medical professionals and an absence of information about the quality of treatment.

Reaching Underserved Communities#

Emerging countries use digital health technologies for health information, diagnosis, and treatment. Digital healthcare solutions can efficiently assist marginalized people, particularly in rural areas.

Machine learning may diagnose and suggest a specialist using public data and customer information. After reviewing the specialist's qualifications and user reviews, the patient may schedule a chat or call and pay online. In rural and low-income regions with few 3G-4G access and smart devices, SMS healthcare advice is a game-changer.

Applications of Computer Vision and Machine Learning#

1. Medical Research in Genetics and Genomics#

AI may help medical researchers discover drugs, match research studies, and find successful life-science remedies by analyzing important, complex information. AI can help researchers find disease-causing variations in genes and predict therapy outcomes.

By identifying patterns, AI can help us understand how human physiology reacts to drugs, viruses, and environmental variables. Machine learning algorithms may also analyze DNA sequences to predict the possibility of a disease based on data trends.

2. Medical Imaging and Radiology#

Machine learning and deep learning have improved radiology breast cancer diagnosis and CT colonography polyp identification. Deep learning algorithms can automatically extract and classify pictures rapidly, helping neuroimaging methods like CT and MRI diagnose strokes.

AI algorithms based on super-resolution methods may improve scan quality, which is generally inadequate owing to time restrictions in stroke patient management. AI can automatically identify tumors and enhance TB detection using X-ray and MRI data. AI can also use PET data to diagnose Alzheimer's early.

3. Pathology#

Digital pathology has created large volumes of data that may be utilized to teach AI frameworks to recognize trends and ease the global pathologist shortage. AI can automate hard and time-consuming activities like object quantification, tissue categorization by morphology, and target identification, helping pathologists.

AI may also compute personalized therapies, reduce the chance of misdiagnosis and drug errors, and encourage telepathology by permitting remote consultation with specialized pathologists. Finally, AI can identify visible signs like tumor molecular markers.

4. Mental Health#

Mental health management needs interaction between patients and providers. To enhance this connection, NLP and machine learning can collect and adapt to new facts. Virtual assistants, chatbots, and conversational agents can simulate human-like presence and help in searching online support communities, diagnosing major depressive disorder, and delivering cognitive behavioral therapy to individuals with depression and anxiety.

Moreover, virtual agents can serve as moderators of online communities for youth mental health when human moderators are unavailable. These agents can analyze participant posts' sentiments, emotions, and keywords to suggest appropriate steps and actions.

5. Eye Care#

Point-of-care diagnostics using AI can replace visual software. Deep learning distinguishes healthy and AMD-afflicted eyes. It automatically predicts cardiovascular illness from retinal fundus images, evaluates age-related macular degeneration, checks for glaucoma, and diagnoses cataracts.

Some Challenges Faced While Using AI in Healthcare#

The following are the key risks and challenges associated with using AI in the healthcare industry:

• Data privacy and security concerns.
• The effectiveness of AI may be limited for data that are difficult to obtain or rare.
• AI systems typically operate as black-box decision-makers, making it challenging or even impossible to understand the underlying logic that drives the outputs generated by AI.
• The system's insensitivity to impact means prioritizing making accurate decisions, even if it results in missed or overdiagnosis.
• Legal and regulatory challenges.
• Integration with existing healthcare systems.
• Limited accessibility to AI-based healthcare solutions for underserved communities.
• Technological limitations and the need for continuous monitoring and maintenance.

Hence, healthcare businesses must keep these issues in mind while integrating AI into their regular systems.

Conclusion#

Significant investments are being pumped into the health technology and artificial intelligence industries to fill the gaps in healthcare services in growing countries. Artificial intelligence has shown some encouraging outcomes in several medical sectors, including radiology, medical imaging, neurology, diabetes, and mental health.

AI may assist in drug development, match patients to clinical trials, and uncover successful life-science solutions, all areas in which the medical research community can benefit. AI does this by analyzing and recognizing patterns in big and complicated datasets.

However, some challenges must be overcome to integrate AI successfully into the healthcare industry.

There is a common debate on how Edge Computing Platforms for Anomalies Detection can be used. In this blog, we will cover details about it.

Introduction#

Anomalies are a widespread problem across many businesses, and the telecommunications sector is no exception. Anomalies in telecommunications can be linked to system effectiveness, unauthorized access, or forgery, and therefore can present in a number of telecommunications procedures. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has become more prominent in overcoming these issues. Telecommunication invoices are among the most complicated invoices that may be created in any sector. With such a large quantity and diversity of goods and services available, mistakes are unavoidable. Products are made up of product specifications, and the massive amount of these features, as well as their numerous pairings, gives rise to such diversity (Tang et al., 2020). Goods and services – and, as a result, the invoicing process – are becoming even more difficult under 5G. Various corporate strategies, such as ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), and large machine-type communication, are being addressed by service providers. Alongside 5G, the 3GPP proposed the idea of network slicing (NW slice) and the related service-level agreements (SLAs), adding still another layer to the invoicing procedure's complexities.

How Do Network Operators Discover Invoice Irregularities?#

Invoice mistakes are a well-known issue in the telecom business, contributing to invoicing conflicts and customer turnover. These mistakes have a significant monetary and personal impact on service providers. To discover invoice abnormalities, most network operators use a combination of traditional and computerized techniques. The manual method is typically dependent on sampling procedures that are determined by company regulations, availability of materials, personal qualities, and knowledge. It's sluggish and doesn't cover all of the bills that have been created. These evaluations can now use regulation digitization to identify patterns and provide additional insight into massive data sets, thanks to the implementation of IT in business operations (Preuveneers et al., 2018). The constant character of the telecom business must also be considered, and keeping up would imply a slowdown in the introduction of new goods and services to the marketplace.

How AI and Machine Learning Can Help Overcome Invoice Anomaly Detection#

An AI-based system may detect invoicing abnormalities more precisely and eliminate false-positive results. Non-compliance actions with concealed characteristics that are hard for humans to detect are also easier to identify using AI (Oprea and Bâra, 2021). Using the procedures below, an AI system learns to recognize invoice anomalous behavior from a collection of data:

1. Data from invoices is incorporated into an AI system.
2. Data points are used to create AI models.
3. Every instance a data point detracts from the model, a possible invoicing anomaly is reported.
4. The invoice anomaly is approved by a specific domain.
5. The system applies what it has learned from the activity to the data model for future projections.
6. Patterns continue to be collected throughout the system.

Before delving into the details of AI, it's vital to set certain ground rules for what constitutes an anomaly. Anomalies are classified as follows:

• Point anomalies: A single incident of data is abnormal if it differs significantly from the others, such as an unusually low or very high invoice value.
• Contextual anomalies: A data point that is ordinarily regular but becomes an anomaly when placed in a specific context.
• Collective anomalies: A group of connected data examples that are anomalous when viewed as a whole but not as individual values. When many point anomalies are connected together, they might create collective anomalies (Anton et al., 2018).

Implications of AI and Machine Learning in Anomaly Detection#

All sectors have witnessed a significant focus on AI and Machine Learning technologies in recent years, and there's a reason why AI and Machine Learning rely on data-driven programming to unearth value hidden in data. AI and Machine Learning can now uncover previously undiscovered information and are the key motivation for their use in invoice anomaly detection (Larriva-Novo et al., 2020). They assist network operators in deciphering the unexplained causes of invoice irregularities, provide genuine analysis, increased precision, and a broader range of surveillance.

Challenges of Artificial Intelligence (AI)#

The data input into an AI/ML algorithm is only as strong as the algorithm itself. When implementing the invoice anomaly algorithm, it must react to changing telecommunications data. Actual data may alter its features or suffer massive reforms, requiring the algorithm to adjust to these changes. This necessitates continual and rigorous monitoring of the model. Common challenges include a loss of confidence and data skew. Unawareness breeds distrust, and clarity and interpretability of predicted results are beneficial, especially in the event of billing discrepancies (Imran, Jamil, and Kim, 2021).

Conclusion for Anomaly Detection#

Telecom bills are among the most complicated payments due to the complexity of telecommunications agreements, goods, and billing procedures. As a result, billing inconsistencies and mistakes are widespread. The existing technique of manually verifying invoices or using dynamic regulation software to detect anomalies has limits, such as a limited number of invoices covered or the inability to identify undefined problems. AI and Machine Learning can assist by encompassing all invoice information and discovering different anomalies over time (Podgorelec, Turkanović, and Karakatič, 2019). Besides invoice anomalies, a growing number of service providers are leveraging AI and Machine Learning technology for various applications.

References#

• Anton, S.D., Kanoor, S., Fraunholz, D., & Schotten, H.D. (2018). Evaluation of Machine Learning-based Anomaly Detection Algorithms on an Industrial Modbus/TCP Data Set. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security.
• Imran, J., Jamil, F., & Kim, D. (2021). An Ensemble of Prediction and Learning Mechanism for Improving Accuracy of Anomaly Detection in Network Intrusion Environments. Sustainability, 13(18), p.10057.
• Larriva-Novo, X., Vega-Barbas, M., Villagrá, V.A., Rivera, D., Álvarez-Campana, M., & Berrocal, J. (2020). Efficient Distributed Preprocessing Model for Machine Learning-Based Anomaly Detection over Large-Scale Cybersecurity Datasets. Applied Sciences, 10(10), p.3430.
• Oprea, S.-V., & Bâra, A. (2021). Machine learning classification algorithms and anomaly detection in conventional meters and Tunisian electricity consumption large datasets. Computers & Electrical Engineering, 94, p.107329.
• Podgorelec, B., Turkanović, M., & Karakatič, S. (2019). A Machine Learning-Based Method for Automated Blockchain Transaction Signing Including Personalized Anomaly Detection. Sensors, 20(1), p.147.
• Preuveneers, D., Rimmer, V., Tsingenopoulos, I., Spooren, J., Joosen, W., & Ilie-Zudor, E. (2018). Chained Anomaly Detection Models for Federated Learning: An Intrusion Detection Case Study. Applied Sciences, 8(12), p.2663.
• Tang, P., Qiu, W., Huang, Z., Chen, S., Yan, M., Lian, H., & Li, Z. (2020). Anomaly detection in electronic invoice systems based on machine learning. Information Sciences, 535, pp.172–186.